(L-R) Presidents Boric, Lula da Silva, Xi, and Petro in Beijing. (X)

(L-R) Presidents Boric, Lula da Silva, Xi, and Petro in Beijing. (X)

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Latin American Leaders’ Visits to China

By Khalea Robertson and Chase Harrison

Three sitting presidents travelled to Beijing for a China–CELAC summit. Who else ventured to have made an official trip?

With China standing as the top trading partner of much of South America—and ranking among the top three for most of Latin America—it’s no wonder so many regional leaders have made the trip to Asia over the past decades. Eight of Latin America’s 19 presidents have visited Beijing on state visits, where they have signed deals and agreements alongside Chinese leaders. Most recently, three presidents—Brazil’s Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Chile’s Gabriel Boric, and Colombia’s Gustavo Petro—were all in China on May 13 for the fourth ministerial meeting of the China–CELAC (the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum, which was planned for foreign ministers.

Not every leader in the region has made the voyage. Some, including Costa Rican President Rodrigo Chaves and Argentine President Javier Milei, have stated their intention to make a visit, though no plans have materialized. Other leaders have met with President Xi Jinping outside of China, such as Milei, Bolivian President Luis Arce, and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum.

For his part, Chinese President Xi Jinping, who has been in office since 2012, has visited ten Latin American countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Two countries in the region, Guatemala and Paraguay, lack diplomatic relations with Beijing and instead recognize Taiwan. China has also extended its welcome beyond just presidents. Following the recent China–CELAC meeting, the foreign ministry announced that nationals of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay could travel to China without a visa for at least one year.

Which leaders have visited China? And what occurred on their visit? AS/COA Online Explains.

 
Javier Milei, Argentina

In October 2024, Milei stated he would visit Beijing in January 2025. Although this trip has not yet materialized, Milei did meet with President Xi on the sidelines of a November 2024 G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The two leaders discussed intentions to boost their countries’ significant trade and investment links. China is Argentina’s second largest trading partner, after Brazil and before the United States. 

Luis Arce, Bolivia

Arce has not traveled to China but met with President Xi in Brazil in November 2024 during the G20.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil

Most recently, Lula traveled to Beijing in May 2025 to participate in a China–CELAC summit. While there, he signed a deal to facilitate the export of an ethanol by-product used in animal feed. In April 2023, the president, alongside a delegation of politicians and businessmen, traveled to China for four days. The delegation signed over 20 bilateral accords on topics like satellites, agriculture, and customs. 

Gabriel Boric, Chile

Boric was one of three heads of state to attend a May 2025 meeting of the China–CELAC Forum. While in Beijing, he led the Chile–China Business Forum, which brought together public and private sector authorities from both countries, and met with President Xi and Vice President Han Zheng. On an October 2023 trip, Boric and a high-level delegation of ministers signed 13 agreements and attended the Belt and Road Forum. A Chinese firm announced a $233 million investment in Chile's lithium during the visit. 

Gustavo Petro, Colombia

On the sidelines of a May 2025 China–CELAC meeting in Beijing, Petro signed Colombia onto the Belt and Road Initiative. However, Foreign Minister Laura Sarabia stated that the memorandum of understanding “does not imply legal commitments but it is expected to act as a catalyst for new investment.”

Petro’s first official visit to China was in October 2023 when he signed 12 agreements on topics like export protocols and elevated the two countries’ relationship to a “strategic partnership.”

Rodrigo Chaves, Costa Rica

Chaves had plans to go to China in 2023, but the trip was postponed.

Miguel Díaz-Canel, Cuba

Díaz-Canel went to China on a 2023 trip for the fifteenth BRICS Summit. There, he spoke with President Xi about coordination within the Group of 77, a bloc of developing countries at the UN.

Luis Abinader, Dominican Republic

Abinader has not made a trip nor stated any interest in a state visit.

Daniel Noboa, Ecuador

Noboa has not made a trip nor stated any interest in a state visit.

Nayib Bukele, El Salvador

After establishing relations with Beijing in 2018, Bukele visited China for six days in 2019, where Chinese companies pledged $500 million in investments and Chinese leaders invited El Salvador to join the Belt and Road Initiative.

Bernardo Arévalo, Guatemala

Guatemala recognizes Taiwan.

Xiomara Castro, Honduras

Three months after switching recognition from Taiwan to China in March 2023, Castro made a six-day visit to China. While there, Castro witnessed the signing of 17 bilateral agreements between the two countries, including on agriculture, visa waivers, and science and technology cooperation.

Claudia Sheinbaum, Mexico

Sheinbaum has not made an official visit to China, but did meet with President Xi on the sidelines of the 2024 G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Sheinbaum's predecessor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, met Chinese President Xi in San Francisco in 2023 during an APEC meeting. 

Daniel Ortega, Nicaragua

Ortega's son, Laureano, has traveled to China several times where he has represented his father's interests. 

José Raul Mulino, Panama

Mulino has not made a trip nor stated any interest in a state visit. 

In February 2025, shortly after a visit from U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Mulino announced that Panama would withdraw from the Belt and Road Initiative. Panama was the first Latin American country to join the Initiative, signing on in November 2017 under the administration of Juan Carlos Varela, months after switching recognition from Taiwan. 

Santiago Peña, Paraguay

Paraguay recognizes Taiwan.

Dina Boluarte, Peru

Boluarte's four-day trip to China in June 2024 saw meetings around the Chancay port and Peru's free trade agreement with China. She also met with telecommunications, automotive, and mining executives. President Xi then participated virtually in the inauguration of the mega port while in Lima for an APEC summit in November 2024. 

Yamandú Orsi, Uruguay

Orsi, the region’s newest president, has not made a trip nor stated any interest in a state visit.

Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela

During Maduro's 2023 visit, Venezuelan officials attempted to secure Chinese support for their country's oil industry.

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