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We've Been Here Before: An Interview with Fernando Henrique Cardoso

By Brian Winter

What today's activists can learn from protesters past – like Brazil's former president, a protagonist of two great periods of upheaval.

Recent years have seen youth-led protest movements erupt throughout Latin America — most notably in Brazil, Chile, Venezuela and Guatemala. How is today different from previous periods of unrest, such as the 1960s? What lessons can be drawn from the past? What are the best available paths for today’s young people to pursue change?

AQ interviewed Fernando Henrique Cardoso, who long before serving as Brazil’s president (1995–2002) was a renowned professor of sociology and a protagonist in two great periods of social upheaval. During the 1960s, Cardoso’s leftist views caused...

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